Oxidative stress on the skin is the result of free radicals—unstable molecules that form through various environmental and physiological processes such as UV exposure, pollution, smoking, and even pesticide absorption. These molecules cause cellular damage by seeking out electrons to stabilise themselves, initiating a chain reaction that accelerates skin ageing, leading to dark spots, wrinkles, and in severe cases, DNA damage that could increase the risk of skin cancers.

What are Free Radicals?

Free radicals are created when molecules lose electrons. They seek to stabilise by stealing electrons from nearby healthy cells, creating a domino effect of cellular damage. While a small number of free radicals are beneficial—especially for immune defence—excessive amounts can overwhelm the skin’s natural repair systems.

Enter: Antioxidants

Antioxidants are molecules that stabilise free radicals, breaking the chain of oxidative stress. They defend the skin from premature ageing and maintain skin health by preserving collagen, elastin, and cellular integrity.

Notable Antioxidants for Skin Health:

• Astaxanthin: A carotenoid found in salmon, shrimp, and algae, known for its potent antioxidant effect. It supports collagen regeneration and promotes skin elasticity, making it effective in combating sun-damaged skin.
• Vitamin C: A key antioxidant found in the skin that plays a vital role in collagen synthesis. Though not naturally produced by the body, it can be obtained through diet or topical skincare.
• Vitamin E: Found in spinach, nuts, and seeds, it protects enzymes in skin cells and provides added defence against UV-induced oxidative stress.

These vitamins may be used as part of a dietary plan or incorporated into topical formulations to support skin health.

Prevention Strategies Beyond Diet

• Daily Sunscreen Use: Since UV radiation is a major cause of oxidative stress, wearing broad-spectrum sunscreen can help minimise cellular damage.
• Managing Stress: Chronic psychological stress can elevate oxidative stress levels. Practices such as mindfulness, deep breathing, and physical activity may reduce the physiological impact.
• Adequate Sleep: During restful sleep, the body produces melatonin, a hormone with antioxidant properties. Insufficient sleep reduces melatonin levels, impairs skin repair, and increases skin sensitivity and pigmentation.

Professional Skin Support

For individuals experiencing visible effects of sun-induced oxidative stress—such as pigmentation or uneven skin tone—there are non-invasive laser-based options available at medical aesthetic clinics. These procedures utilise advanced picosecond laser technology designed to address pigmentation, revitalise dull skin, and support collagen stimulation. A consultation with a licensed doctor is essential to determine if these treatments are suitable based on your skin condition.

This article is intended for educational purposes. All aesthetic or skin procedures should be administered under the guidance of a licensed medical practitioner following a proper clinical evaluation.